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At industry level, the big wins are when Systems Engineering can be unshackled from digital development considerations, primarily but not exclusively through automatic code generation.

Ibm Rational Rhapsody Developer Software Development As

A few weeks later, Sherman Mullin, former President of Lockheeds Skunk Works described software development as out of control, increasing exponentially and not addressed vigorously and objectively.

Aerospace software development productivity has come up repeatedly in this authors consulting experience, typically from Tier 1 Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) looking to benchmark performance and identify best practice.

Clearly, the older generation remain in touch with current preoccupations.

But nor has the industry stood idle what has changed, and can digital development costs be brought under control.

The research comprised face-to-face and telephone interviews with Senior Engineering Management, representing 30-50 of the estimated global population of Aerospace and Defence software engineers (the range reflects the elastic definition of defence.) The sample is biased towards high-criticality applications (70 engaged in DAL A-B development rather than the 50 typically estimated for avionics) and towards aerospace rather than defence.

Additionally, the work builds on Consultancy engagements completed by the author.

Greater complexity, more failure modes The exponential growth trend looks set to continue.

In the same period, the number of major programmes on which a mid-career Aerospace Engineer might have worked has fallen from 4-6 to one or two, while new avionics architectures have arrived and supply chain relationships have altered dramatically.

It remains a problem: not only where personnel lack experience, but also where OEM knowhow is shallow.

While some emerging airframers are tackling technically ambitious programmes, even some established players have lost the ability to write and manage specifications, either as a generation of experienced Engineers leave the workforce or as a result of decades of supply chain restructuring.

The effect is pernicious: suppliers now hold implicit responsibility for specification-writing and integration, but as risk-sharing partners their compensation is at best indirect and delivery dates remain fixed while kick-off dates slip.

Worse, when integration conflicts arise between suppliers, the OEM is often unable to arbitrate effectively.

It hasnt happened: instead, scrutiny has grown, often significantly.

The style of complaints remains the same: they get an easier time there in than we do here or our regulator cant make up their mind.

On the other hand, practitioners do quietly admit that DO-178C is a step forward from B, and the voluntary shift of a number of military programmes to the civilian processes is noteworthy: its not only a vote of confidence in the processs effectiveness, but reflects a structural change that regulators also recognise.

The challenge has shifted: from developing software that matches requirements, to ensuring that those requirements accurately reflect human intentions.

Safety escapes are now increasingly at the designrequirements level: the hope is for regulatory focus to draw back from code development processes to System Safety Engineering.

April 2016 saw the release of OpenGL SC 2.0, giving airborne display developers access to the power of modern graphics processing in a safety-critical environment: certification almost off-the-shelf, reducing CPU load and opening up previously unfeasible display possibilities: such as those advertised by Enscos July 2017 partnership with CoreAVI.

Also in 2016 the rewrite of FAR Part 23 has the potential to unblock a pipeline of avionics innovation in smaller aircraft, allowing benefits of flight experience and larger markets to flow up to larger aircraft in the longer term.

By 1999, auto-generated DAL A code had achieved certification: in 2006 Rockwell Collins ran a competitive selection between the two major Model-Based tool vendors, and auto-generated DAL A code received certification in the Americas (for the PW535B E FADECs.) The subsequent decade has seen dramatic claims not solely from tool vendors for productivity increments delivered by Model-Based software development.

To what extent are they (and those for its cousin, Formal Methods) delivering in the context of real aerospace systems development.

One standards working group found that its members held a dozen different understandings of Model-Based Development, with different approaches and little common ground: a high barrier for anyone trying to identify the best gains for their own organisations.

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